MENTAL HEALTH

   Mental Health.                                                                Emotional well-being: Feeling good and being able to manage your emotions.                          

·            Psychological well-being: Having a sense of purpose, autonomy, and personal growth. 

·           Social well-being: Feeling connected to others and having positive relationships. 

 Importance of Mental Health:

  ·  Foundation for well-being: Mental health is crucial for overall health, relationships, and contributing to society.

       ·  Impact on daily life: It affects how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices.

      ·         Important at all stages: Mental health is a lifelong concern, from childhood through     adulthood. 

 

Common Mental Health Issues:

·         Mental disorders: Conditions like anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. 

·         Psychosocial disabilities: Conditions that affect a person's social and psychological functioning. 

·         Distress and impairment: Mental health conditions can cause significant distress and difficulties in daily life. 

Promoting Mental Health:

·         Self-care:

Engaging in activities that promote well-being, such as exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep. 

·         Seeking help:

Recognizing when you need support and seeking professional help when needed. 

·         Reducing stigma:

Talking openly about mental health and promoting understanding and acceptance. 

 Type of mental health:

             Anxiety disorders.

           Behavioural and emotional disorders in        children.  

          Bipolar affective disorder.

              Depression.

              Dissociation and dissociative disorders.

              Eating disorders.

             Obsessive compulsive disorder.

                                                                                                                                         Paranoia.                                                                           Anxiety disorders.

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive fear and worry, significantly impacting daily life. These disorders can manifest in various forms, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and specific phobias. Common symptoms include persistent worry, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, and physical symptoms like a rapid heartbeat or sweating.
 

         Behavioural and emotional disorders in   children.

     

Emotional and behavioural disorders, including disruptive, depression, anxiety and pervasive developmental (autism) disorders, characterized as either internalizing or externalizing problems. Disruptive behavioural problems such as temper tantrums, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional, defiant or conduct disorders are the commonest behavioural problems in preschool and school age children. The routine Paediatric clinic or Family Medicine/General Practitioner surgery presents with several desirable characteristics that make them ideal for providing effective mental health services to children and adolescents. DSM-5 and ICD-10 are the universally accepted standard criteria for the classification of mental and behaviour disorders in childhood and adults. The age and gender prevalence estimation of various childhood behavioural disorders are variable and difficult to compare worldwide.

                Bipolar affective disorder. 

     Bipolar disorder, also known as bipolar affective disorder, is a health   condition  characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. These shifts, known as mood episodes, can range from manic or hypomanic highs to depressive lows. Its chronic condition requiring ongoing management, often involving medication and therapy. 

 

         Depression.

     Depression is a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and loss of joy. It differs from the mood fluctuations that people regularly experience in life.

Major life events, such as the death of a loved one or the loss of a job, can triggert-rusted Source depression. However, depression is distinct from the negative feelings a person may temporarily have in response to a difficult life event.

Depression can persist despite a change of circumstances. It causes feelings that are intense, chronic, and not proportional to a person’s circumstances.

           Dissociation and dissociative disorders. 

Definition:

  A disconnection or separation from one's thoughts, feelings, memories, or sense of self. 

Examples:

  Mild dissociation can include daydreaming or getting lost in a book. In more severe cases,    it can be a response to trauma, where a person disconnects from the experience to cope. 

Causes:

  Can be a normal coping mechanism for stress, or a symptom of a dissociative disorder. 

         Eating disorders.

 Eating disorders are behavioral conditions characterized by severe and persistent disturbance in eating behaviors and associated distressing thoughts and emotions. They can be very serious conditions affecting physical, psychological and social function. Types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, other specified feeding and eating disorder, pica and                                                                   rumination disorder.                                                               

   Obsessive compulsive disorder.   Paranoia.
 OCD occurs when a person experiences a cycle of obsessive thoughts and urges (obsessions) and compulsive behaviors (compulsions).

Paranoia involves a deep and unwarranted mistrust or suspicion of others. The two disorders can sometimes occur together.  An older 2019 case study notes that paranoid personality disorders are among the most frequently diagnosed personality disorders in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Both disorders include intense fears and attempts to prevent the feared situations from occurring.